Why is it called Scientology? Presumably it means the science of science, but it’s not scientific in any commonly understood sense. In that way it's not so different to any other religion, but in other ways, it is very different.
For starters it's very new, which makes it interesting. We can look back over only 6 decades at the evolution from scratch of a brand new form of belief, one that unlike others, appears not to have a specific named deity at its core.
A very brief, lay summary of Scientology’s evolution goes something like this (I think). Scientology started off as a form of psychotherapy known as Dianetics in the 1950s, developed by a writer of science fiction called L Ron Hubbard. Very simply, Dianetics was a psychoanalytical process by which individuals were able to "audit" themselves to identify past traumas. Although widely derided by the medical mainstream as quackery, it was purely secular at this stage.
It's morphing from “psychology” into a belief-system was triggered (at least in part) by people, when going through the auditing process, claiming that some of the traumatic events they believed they had identified were from past lives. This is similar to what some people believe when under hypnosis and which is often used as evidence for reincarnation. In the early 1950s L Ron (not to be confused with the elf out of Lord of the Rings) appears to have started adapting Dianetics by incorporating into it the element of reincarnation and past lives, some claim to take advantage of the tax concessions applicable to recognised religions.
A cosmological narrative?
A tale of truly mind-boggling sci-fi like proportions was then developed to explain its origins. Until it was leaked (evidently by an angry ex-member), this was supposed to have been top secret. Scientology claims that our past lives reach back for millions of years and that...(wait for it)….billions of our descendants were brought to earth 75 million years ago in spaceships resembling DC-8s from distant planets where there was an overpopulation problem. This was done by a figure called Xenu, a tyrannical ruler of a galactic confederacy who was aided by psychiatrists (I wasn’t expecting that twist either) who tricked the over-populated with some rues about their taxation. But, on to more serious matters. Xenu killed all these billions of people by first freezing and paralysing them before the space journey and then, once earth was reached, apparently stacking them around volcanoes and detonating hydrogen bombs inside the volcanos.
This genocide then released their thetans (souls in scientology speak), which were then all “captured” somehow, sent to places resembling vast cinemas and forced to watch a sort of 3D film for 36 days and “implanted with misleading data”.
Still with me?
And so it goes on. Hubbard’s religion parallels the development of a sci-fi novel and events contemporaneous with the times of the 1950s: Cold wars, nuclear shadows, taxation and McDonnell Douglas aircraft.
Ok, very interesting, but what it the point of all this?
The evolution of a new religion
The actual finer details of Scientology are complex and hard to follow. It's also very different to the narratives of established religions. However that is because we are witnessing, in real time, the evolution of a religion from its first uncertain steps through to it rapidly developing a philosophy over the course of a few decades.
Scientology appears to have approximately 50 000 followers. In overall terms, this is miniscule and may not constitute a critical mass to sustain it in the long term or even the decades ahead. It has been required to aggressively defend its position and to fight to sustain its tax privileges. As a new and radically different system of beliefs it is of course challenging the orthodoxy. Unsurprisingly established religions strongly reject its deeply implausible ideas. Of course, they strongly reject each other’s ideas and beliefs too.
This may be similar to what has happened previously when new religions tried to take hold. When “modern” Christianity was taking its first steps around 2500 millennia ago, it was challenging the dominant and established religions of the ancient classical world, from Greece to Rome to Egypt. In the case of the latter, this was a belief system that had existed and evolved over a period of 3 millennia. Christianity was a monotheist religion, challenging the prevailing orthodoxies that subscribed to polytheism, each normally embracing a sufficient number of gods to populate a small town. It’s easy to imagine the audacity of those early Christians suggesting, “No, you’re wrong, there aren’t 50 gods, there is only 1”. It can’t have gone down to well.
What is so interesting though is how Scientology has adopted the props of the 20th century around which to build its narrative. With space travel, nuclear annihilation, overpopulation, taxation and psychotherapy all playing a role, what we are seeing is a religion (or cult) being developed to reflect the modern world, and a cold war one at that, yet still relying upon an inevitable great cataclysm event in its foundation story. In this case, the great flood myth so common to ancient religions updated to be an ancient nuclear war.
Yet no religion can escape being a product of its time, thus its narrative cannot exceed the contemporaneous state of the world’s assumed “knowledge”. It cannot be what it does not know. Current dominant religions were developed when it was believed the earth was flat, that the sun revolved around it and that gods had magical powers over nature and the hevans. So people could come back from the dead, virgins gave birth, magic wands parted oceans and God’s servants only carried swords because, of course, guns hadn’t been invented.
Scientology 3000 AD
Suspend your disbelief (just for a second or two), imagine its 3000 AD and Scientology has grown from its current tiny following into a mainstream faith. After its first century, in which it has settled its narrative, it has endured without substantial further amendment, save only to respond to unavoidable new challenges, as do the other long standing religions of today. It would have moved from "wild new cult" to established orthodoxy. Assuming all this, then we may find that Scientology's core beliefs will for so long have been ingrained into the mainstream that it might seem as plausible in 3000 AD as any of our current beliefs do in 2013.
Perhaps there is nothing that unusual about the trajectory of scientology's evolving story and development as a religion. It may only be following a similar course to countless religions developed before it over many millennia. The historically well documented persecution of the early Christian faith shows how hostile a reception no doubt awaited the relatively defenceless followers of all new religions and gods. This intolerance of not just new, but sometimes only slightly differing beliefs, reaches its apogee in the bloodletting in the Middle East where competing religious ideologies settle their differing interpretations with bombs and blood (the irony of this is that they all espouse tolerance and a love of peace).
So, who is right?
Just because it’s one of the latest beliefs (at the moment), does that mean it is any less likely to be the “truth”, for every new religion or belief system must find itself in this sort of positionat the same stage in its journey.
What would the ancient Romans have thought of Christianity if they could have looked 2000 years ahead? If you were an ancient Egyptian alive today, might you wonder how for 3000 years, your countrymen believed something which by any modern standard, is such obvious, palpable nonsense.
Likewise, if you could look back 1000 years from now, what would the prevailing view be of today’s “ancient” beliefs?
Makes you think doesn’t it….